Time expressions in Polish you must know!

Time expressions in Polish classes cause a lot of pain. Actually my student recently asked me for this post and I finally decided to publish it. I hope  it will be useful for you!

Let’s start with some basic words you need to know:

  • chwila / moment – moment
  • sekunda – a second
  • minuta – a minute
  • godzina – an hour
  • dzieÅ„ – a day
  • tydzieÅ„ – a week
  • miesiÄ…c – a month
  • rok – a year
  • dekada – 10 years
  • wiek – century

You can use them without any change if they are the subject of the sentence for example.

Rok to za maÅ‚o, żeby nauczyć siÄ™ polskiego – A year is too short to learn Polish.

DzieÅ„ byÅ‚ sÅ‚oneczny i ciepÅ‚y. – The day was sunny and warm.

Some of the words will just change and won’t need prepositions to express the time relation. For example:

  • dzisiaj – today
  • wczoraj – yesterday
  • przedwczoraj – the day before yesterday
  • jutro – tomoroow
  • pojutrze – the day after tomorrow

Now I’m going to present you different ways to express time and segments of time. Look carefully because they will change their forms:

  • W tym momencie / tygodniu / miesiÄ…cu / roku  – this moment/ week / month / year
  •  W tej chwili / sekundzie / minucie – this moment / second / minute
  • O tej godzinie – at this hour
  • Obecnie  – currently
  • Natychmiast – immediatelly
  • W dzisiejszych czasach – nowadays
  • W ciÄ…gu tygodnia / miesiÄ…ca / roku  – during a week / month / year
  • Podczas spotkania / kolacji / wakacji – during the meeting / dinner/ holidays

When we talk about past we need to use different prepositions

  • w zeszÅ‚ym / tamtym/ ubiegÅ‚ym * tygodniu / miesiÄ…cu / roku – last week/ month/ year
  • tydzieÅ„ / miesiÄ…c / rok temu – a week / month / year ago
  • dwa / trzy / cztery tygodnie / miesiÄ…ce / lata**temu – 2/3/4 weeks / months / years ago
  • pięć/ sześć …. tygodni / miesiÄ™cy / lat temu – 5/6 … weeks / months/ years ago
  • (nie) dawno temu – (not) long time ago
  • od dawna – since long time ago
  • kiedyÅ› – sometime ago (also: in some time)

*all these forms can be used interchangeably 

** all digits ended with 2, 3, 4 except 11, 12, 13 will follow the pattern. The rest of numbers will follow 5,6 pattern.

When we talk about future the phrases look like this:

  • za dzieÅ„ tydzieÅ„ / miesiÄ…c / rok – in a day/ week / month / year
  • za dwa dni/ tygodnie / miesiÄ…ce / lata – in two days/ weeks / months / years (look the rule above **)
  • za pięć dni tygodni / miesiÄ™cy / lat – in days/ five weeks / months / years
  • Zaraz! – It’s an expression you would use when someone is calling you and asking to hurry up but you need a few seconds more
  • Wkrótce / (Za) niedÅ‚ugo – soon

You may also need these words to express something what happened a certain amount of time after another event. Then you need preposition “po”.

  • po chwili / sekundzie / minucie / godzinie  – after a while / second / minut / hour
  • po dniu / tygodniu / miesiÄ…cu / roku – after a day / week / month / year

If you know “po” means “after”, you probably wonder if you can also use the word “przed” – before. The answer is – yes but some of them would sound posh and the grammar will get complicated. Have a look:

  • Przed dwoma dniami / tygodniami / miesiÄ…cami / laty (sic!) 

On the other hand it will sound totally normal if you say:

  • Przed chwilą  – a moment ago

If you likes this post, please help me spread it and share with other learners in Social Media! Dziękuję 🙂

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